Blue Bridge
  • Home
  • About
  • One Brain, Two Computers
    • Summary of Lessons Learned Since 2005 Rediscovery of Microglia
    • The Active Role of Microglia in Healthy Brain
  • Projects
    • BLS 101 - Project Contents >
      • Project Introduction
      • Video and Documentary Resources >
        • Video Resources - Microglia as a Therapeutic Target
        • Documents - Microglia in Health and Disease
        • Documents - Microglia Role in Neuro-developmental Disease & Disorder
        • Documents - Microglia Role in Neuro-degenerative Disease
        • Documents - Microglia Role in Neuropathic Pain Disorders & Opioid Side Effects
        • Documents - ETX Studies
      • Background: The Rationale for a Microglia Modulator >
        • Background Pt 1: Summary of Lessons Learned Since 2005 Rediscovery of Microglia
        • Background Pt 2: The Active Role of Microglia in Healthy Brain
        • Background Pt 3: Causal Role for Microglia in Neuro-degenerative Disease
        • Background Pt 4: Causal Role for Microglia in Neuro-developmental Disease
        • Bilbo Video Clip - An Unmet Need for Microglial Modulators
      • ETX - Select Data >
        • ETX Data: ETX vs Benzo (Lorazepam) - Clinical Data
        • ETX Data: ETX vs Benzo (Alprazolam) - Clinical Data
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation - CFA Monoarthritis Model
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation - EAE MS Model
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation-Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model
        • ETX Data: Inhibtion of Microglial Activation via TLR4 Ligands
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation-CCI Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation-Sciatic Cryolesion Model
      • ETX - Select Data - Neuropathic Pain >
        • ETX Data: CFA Induced Model of Neuropathic Pain
        • ETX Data: ETX Prevents & Cures Chemo-Induced Neuropathic Pain - 3 Models
        • ETX Data: Cuffed Nerve Model of Neuropathic Pain
      • Market and Competition >
        • Market: Anti-Anxiety Medications
        • Competition: Microglial Modulator Dev Programs
    • BLS 102 - Project Navigation
Professor Ben Barres (Stanford University)
​
​Microglia-Induced A1 Phenotype in Astrocytes Play Major Role in Neurodegenerative Disease -- 
2017  Talk at MIT's Broad Institute
Prof. Ben Barres presenting his lab's remarkable work uncovering the profoundly neurotoxic role played by A1 reactive phenotype astrocytes in driving neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death in neurodegenerative disease.

Importantly, the Barres lab has shown that immuno-reactive microglia are the exclusive source of the chemical cues (C1q, IL1-alpha, TNF-alpha)  triggering the shift to A1 phenotype.
Barres and colleagues show that immune challenge by itself (in the form of systemic exposure to LPS, or injury due to ischemic stroke for example)  is not sufficient to transform astocytes to A1 phenotype.  Microglia must be present, and they must be immuno-reactive for an LPS challenge to trigger the transformation to the A1, neurotoxic phenotype.

Note: The Barres Lab's results are consistent with two important 2017 studies of  ETX  in models of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke..   Li, et al 2017, ETX ,Microglia & Ischemic Stroke and Li et al 2017, ETX, Microglia and Hemorrhagic Stroke both find that neurological damage following stroke is a function of microglial immune reactivity, AND they find that ETX's robust reduction in neurological damage and deficits following stroke require the presence of microglia.
​ COPYRIGHT 2016. BLUE BRIDGE LIFE SCIENCE ~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
CONTACT Blue Bridge 
  • Home
  • About
  • One Brain, Two Computers
    • Summary of Lessons Learned Since 2005 Rediscovery of Microglia
    • The Active Role of Microglia in Healthy Brain
  • Projects
    • BLS 101 - Project Contents >
      • Project Introduction
      • Video and Documentary Resources >
        • Video Resources - Microglia as a Therapeutic Target
        • Documents - Microglia in Health and Disease
        • Documents - Microglia Role in Neuro-developmental Disease & Disorder
        • Documents - Microglia Role in Neuro-degenerative Disease
        • Documents - Microglia Role in Neuropathic Pain Disorders & Opioid Side Effects
        • Documents - ETX Studies
      • Background: The Rationale for a Microglia Modulator >
        • Background Pt 1: Summary of Lessons Learned Since 2005 Rediscovery of Microglia
        • Background Pt 2: The Active Role of Microglia in Healthy Brain
        • Background Pt 3: Causal Role for Microglia in Neuro-degenerative Disease
        • Background Pt 4: Causal Role for Microglia in Neuro-developmental Disease
        • Bilbo Video Clip - An Unmet Need for Microglial Modulators
      • ETX - Select Data >
        • ETX Data: ETX vs Benzo (Lorazepam) - Clinical Data
        • ETX Data: ETX vs Benzo (Alprazolam) - Clinical Data
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation - CFA Monoarthritis Model
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation - EAE MS Model
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation-Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model
        • ETX Data: Inhibtion of Microglial Activation via TLR4 Ligands
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation-CCI Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
        • ETX Data: Microglial Modulation-Sciatic Cryolesion Model
      • ETX - Select Data - Neuropathic Pain >
        • ETX Data: CFA Induced Model of Neuropathic Pain
        • ETX Data: ETX Prevents & Cures Chemo-Induced Neuropathic Pain - 3 Models
        • ETX Data: Cuffed Nerve Model of Neuropathic Pain
      • Market and Competition >
        • Market: Anti-Anxiety Medications
        • Competition: Microglial Modulator Dev Programs
    • BLS 102 - Project Navigation